Lessons from the Past: Another Cats Tale




Smilodon fatalis skull from the page museum
If you have never been to the Page Museum at the La Brea tar pits in California, you really should. The liquid asphalt provides a time capsule back into the past.  The full cast of characters that roamed California from 50 to 10 thousand years ago is exquisitely preserved.  One such character is the saber tooth cat Smilodon fatalis, which is known from the remains of over 2000 individuals just from La Brea alone.  The bones of this cat paint the picture of a massive muscle-bound ambush predator.  Who it preyed upon and why it disappeared around the end of the last ice age may never be fully understood, but one credible explanation of its life and death brings with it bad tidings for the Canadian Lynx.




Artist reconstruction of Smilodon fatalis
Reconstructions of Smilodon fatalis show an animal with massive arms and shoulders.  This was the Hulk Hogan of cats and its remains bear the wounds to prove it.  Strains, stresses and other injuries consistent with a very violent life of grabbing large prey and wrestling them to the ground are not only common in smilodon but the norm.  This cat didn’t chase its prey like a modern lion, its body style was simply wrong for it.  Most biomechanical simulations don’t give it the speed to catch much of anything.  It was simply a lumbering brute capable of amazing feats of strength and well suited for the deep woods.  Analysis of what it could catch and bring down all seem to point to the enormous giant bison of that time.5

Smilodons chasing a bison
One theory presented on National Geographic’s Prehistoric Predators hypothesizes that as the forests of the last glacial period gave way to grasslands the bison made a transitions to the more open terrain and became smaller and faster. The saber tooth cat was unsuited for chasing down prey in open grasslands and found its traditional food source uncatchable.5 

Faced with the ecological disintegration caused by warming at the end of the last ice age the highly specialized cat couldn’t adapt.  If the bison really was the only prey the saber tooth cat ate as some researchers suggest, then it appears that evolving to hunt specific prey in a specific environment lead to diminished flexibility. That eventually meant the end of Smilodon fatalis despite 2.5 million years of success.

Skull photo taken by Simon Powell.
Reconstuction from the Indiana State Museum
Original drawing by Mauricio Anton from The Big Cats and their fossil relatives by Alan Turner

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